• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method for screen printing, using a screen, preferably a metal screen made by electroforming, having a pattern of openings separated by bridges and through points, and having a flat surface on the squeegee side, where, on the print side of the screen , the screen has a 3D structure, comprising peaks (P) and valleys (V) formed by a difference in thickness between the bridges and the crossing points. The use of the method in the production of RFID tags, solar panels, electronic printing plates. A 3D printing canvas, with a stencil attached with or without the negative of an image to be printed. A printer comprising: one or more 3D printing screens, together with one or more ink reservoirs and/or in combination with a roller or squeegee.
    公开号:BR112012001777B1
    申请号:R112012001777-2
    申请日:2010-10-11
    公开日:2021-05-04
    发明作者:Peter Benjamin Spoor；Marinus Cornelis Petrus Dekkers
    申请人:Spgprints B.V.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    technical field
    This invention relates to screen printing. More specifically, it is screen printing with a new type of screen, allowing printing with a greater amount of ink and/or high resolution screen printing, allowing the printing of lines below 100 micrometers in width. State of the art
    Screen printing is a printing technique that typically uses a canvas made of fabric mesh to support a stencil that blocks the flow of ink. The attached stencil forms open mesh areas that transfer the ink as a sharp image onto a substrate. A roller or squeegee is moved across the screen with an ink blocking stencil, forcing or pumping ink through the strands of fabric mesh in open areas. Graphic screen printing is widely used today to create various graphic designs produced in large batches or in bulk, as well as posters or displays. Color prints can be created from CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow and black) printing. Screen printing is often preferred over other processes such as dye-sublimation or inkjet printing because of its low cost and ability to print on many types of media.
    A significant feature of screen printing is that a greater thickness of ink can be applied to the substrate than is possible with other printing techniques. Screen printing is therefore also preferable when ink deposits of a thickness of about 5 to 20 micrometers or larger are required, which cannot (easily) be achieved with other printing techniques. This makes screen printing useful for printing solar cells, electronics, etc. (The definition of paint in this application includes not only solvents and water-based formulas [igmented], but also includes varnishes [colorless], adhesives, metallic paint, conductive paint and the like)
    Generally, a canvas is made of a finely woven piece of porous fabric, called a mesh, stretched over an aluminum or wooden frame, for example. Currently most meshes are made of synthetic materials such as steel. As mentioned above, areas of the canvas are blocked with a non-permeable material to form the stencil, which is a negative of the image to be printed, meaning open spaces are areas where ink will appear.
    In the printing process, the canvas with a stencil facing the substrate is placed on top of a substrate such as paper or fabric. In conventional desktop screen printing, ink is placed on top of the screen, and a fill bar (also known as a flood bar) is used to fill the mesh openings with ink. The operator starts with the fill bar at the back of the screen and behind an ink reservoir. The operator lifts the screen to avoid contact with the substrate and then, using a small amount of downward force, pulls the fill bar to the front of the screen. This effectively fills the mesh openings with ink and moves the ink reservoir to the front of the canvas. The operator then uses a squeegee (rubber roller) to move the mesh onto the substrate and push the squeegee to the rear of the screen. The ink that is in the opening of the mesh is pumped or squeezed by capillary action onto the substrate in a controlled and prescribed amount. The theoretical wet paint deposit is estimated to be equal to the mesh and/or stencil thickness, as will be discussed below. As the squeegee moves toward the back of the screen, the mesh tension pulls the mesh away from the substrate (called a sudden stop), leaving the ink on the substrate surface. In rotary screen printing, ink is normally forced from inside the cylindrical screen. Nowadays, this process is automated by machines.
    There are three types of screen printing presses. The 'flat' (probably the most used), the 'drum' and the 'rotating' . Flat and drum presses are similar in that they both use a flat screen and an alternative three-step process to perform the printing operation. The screen is first moved into position on the substrate, the squeegee is then pressed against the screen and drawn over the image area, and then the screen is lifted off the substrate to complete the process. With a flat board, the substrate to be printed is usually placed on a horizontal printing table that is parallel to the screen. With a drum press, the substrate is mounted on a cylinder. Image stability can be an issue due to the movement of metal strands on a fabric screen. On the other hand, rotary screen presses are designed for continuous, high-speed fabric printing. The screens used in rotary screen printing presses, for example, are seamless thin metal cylinders. Open cylinders are capped at both ends and mounted in blocks on the print side. During printing, ink is pumped to one end of the cylinder so that a fresh supply is constantly maintained. The squeegee, for example, is a free-floating steel bar inside the cylinder and the squeegee pressure is maintained and adjusted, for example, by magnets mounted under the printing table. Rotary presses are most often used for printing textiles, wallpaper and other products that require uninterrupted continuous patterns.
    Screen printing is more versatile than traditional printing techniques. The surface does not have to be printed under pressure, unlike etching or lithography, and it does not have to be flat. Screen printing inks can be used to work with a variety of substrates, such as textiles, ceramics, wood, paper, glass, metal and plastic. As such, screen printing is used in many different industries.
    One of the interesting areas for screen printing is in inks that can be used to create raised images, solid shiny and smooth areas, or fine-line patterns that appeal to both the tactile and the visual senses. Improvement in the quality of such prints would be very desirable.
    Specifically for quality prints as, indeed, is the case for Braille printing, the process requires a relatively thick and extremely uniform coating of ink, with no ghosting or streaks. Therefore, it would be very interesting to be able to improve the uniform deposition of excessive amounts of ink on substrates, especially for finer details. This would be of interest for flat and drum screen printing as well as rotary.
    In addition to screens made based on a woven mesh based on metal wires, such as in US 3759799, the screens were developed from solid sheet metal, with a grid of holes. In US 4383896 or US 4496434, for example, and in subsequent patents made by the present applicant, a metal screen is described comprising ribs and openings. This screen is prepared by a process including the electrolytic formation of a metal screen, forming, in a first electrolytic bath, a screen skeleton on top of a matrix supplied by a separate agent, removing the screen skeleton formed from the matrix and subjecting the screen skeleton to electrolysis in a second electrolytic bath for depositing metal in said skeleton. This technique has been used to prepare metal screens for screen printing with various mesh sizes (eg, from 75 to more than 350), thickness (from about 50 to more than 300 micrometers) and hole diameters (from 25 micrometers or more) and therefore various amounts of open area (from about 10 to about 55%), wet paint deposits (from about 5 to more than 350 micrometers thick) and resolution (from about 90- 350 micrometers). In fact, these screens perform better than fabric screens in terms of service life, robustness and stability, wrinkle resistance with virtually no breakage or damage during setup or printing. Still, it would be interesting to improve said canvases that are not made of fabric in relation to greater ink deposition and sharper images. Thus, this is one of the objectives of the present invention.
    Furthermore, as mentioned before, screen printing is ideal for preparing wafer-based thin-film photovoltaic solar cells. Preparing such cells comprises printing 'fingers' and silver bars on the front; and silver bars printed on the back. Busbars and fingers are necessary to transport the electrical charge. On the other hand, busbars and fingers need to take as little surface area as possible from photovoltaic solar cells, and therefore tend to be relatively thick. Screen printing is ideal as one of the parameters that can be very diverse and can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the print.
    Solar cell wafers are getting thinner and bigger. Thus, very careful printing is required to keep a breakage rate low. On the other hand, a high transfer rate in the printing phase improves the yield of the entire cell production line.
    Rotary screen printing is typically a roll-to-roll technology, which allows for high-volume continuous, high-speed production. Other benefits include reduced ink and chemical waste, larger ink deposits, great production flexibility (various repeatable sizes and mesh widths), excellent quality, reproducible results and reliable performance.
    The application of electronics on common substrates such as paper, film and textiles using rotary screen printing is relatively new. Rotating screen technology allows for low-cost production of printed electronics such as radio frequency identification tags (RFID tags).
    For example, Stork Prints has developed several rotary screen printing lines especially for printed electronics applications. Its machine parts are specifically designed for high-precision printing on sensitive (heat) substrates. For example, the PD-RSI 600/900 rotary screen printing line design (brochure 101510907 from Stork Prints) allows the production of an RFID tag in one go, at a speed of more than 50,000 units per hour.
    However, the demands that are placed on screen printing forms for graphics and especially printing electronics applications are increasing as components become smaller and the demand for high-productivity manufacturing processes intensifies.
    Printed line widths of less than 80 micrometres, combined with high ink transfer, durable print forms and excellent repeatability are becoming increasingly common. Despite the many benefits of screen printing with non-woven screens, and in particular rotary screen printing, for high-resolution printing, flat screen printing materials still offer superior resolution and sharpness. In fact, even the use of screens with (very) open area, and with smaller bridges composing the mesh, prints with printed line widths smaller than 100 micrometers made with rotary screen printing can be less accentuated and result in less ink transfer from the that prints made using the best flat screen printing metal screen. Thus, it would be of great interest to find an improved screen that has all the strength and durability properties of non-woven screens, such as those developed by Stork Prints, but with better sharpening and ink transfer capabilities in preparing fabric prints. high resolution. Furthermore, it would be of great interest to find a non-woven screen that could be applied in rotary screen printing, where woven metal screens cannot be used.
    Interestingly, both the problems of better ink deposition and print sharpness were solved by applying a new type of canvas. Description of the Invention
    Thus, the invention claims a method for screen printing using a screen, preferably a metal screen made by electroforming, having a pattern of openings separated by bridges and crossing points and a flat surface on the squeegee side, where, on the print side of the screen, the screen has a 3D structure comprising peaks and valleys formed by a difference in thickness between bridges and crossing points. Furthermore, the invention claims a screen printing comprising the 3D structure, with a stencil attached with or without the negative of an image to be printed. Furthermore, the invention claims a printer comprising one or more printing screens according to the present invention, in combination with one or more ink reservoirs and/or in combination with a roller or squeegee.
    More specifically, the screen is a metal screen material with a mesh number of 150-1000, preferably from 190 to 800, with a smooth side, comprising a network of bridges which are connected to each other by crossing points, which bridges delimit the openings, the thickness of the through points is not equal to the thickness of the bridges on the print side of the screen material facing the squeegee side. Preferably, the difference in thickness between the bridges and the crossing points is 5 to 100 micrometers. Brief Description of Figures on Drawings
    The first figure is a schematic representation of the principle of rotary screen printing. A is the screen. B is the squeegee. C is the impression roller. D is the substrate.
    In the second figure, schematic representations of the screens can be found, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention manufactured by electroforming. They are therefore non-woven fabrics. Shows a hexagonal structure of the screen opening (honeycomb hole formation), with so-called bridges connecting crossing points. Electroforming can also be used in the fabrication of screens with other structures, for example, which are rectangular. Shown here (from top left to bottom right, labeled a) g) ) the indication of a) Mesh / linear inch; b) Thickness, c) Open area; d) Diameter of the hole; e) Theoretical wet paint deposit; f) Maximum particle size and g) Resolution. Linear inch/mesh is the number of openings per linear inch of a screen. Thickness is the thickness of the screen. The open area is the percentage of all openings in relation to the total area of the screen. The hole diameter is the smallest distance between the two opposite walls of the opening. The theoretical wet ink deposit is estimated using the theoretical ink volume which is the ink volume in mesh apertures per substrate area unit, calculated as: % open area times fabric thickness. It is usually expressed in micrometers, or as an equivalent in cm3/m2. The maximum particle size is 1/3 of the hole diameter for the best ink flow.
    The third figure is a schematic representation of a photo taken by means of an optical microscope, showing the top view of the print side of the rectangular screen material according to the invention with a 3D structure, in which the diameter of the hole is approximately 40 micrometers. This screen (S) has rectangular hole formation (H) . It is also shown in close-up. The oval parts indicate the valleys (V) formed by the bridges. Circles indicate peaks (P), formed by waypoints.
    Mode(s) for carrying out the Invention
    An electroforming method for transforming metal products with a pattern of gaps separated by bridges using a mandrel in a galvanizing bath is known in, for example, WO 9740213.
    In patent application WO 2004043659 a metal screen material with a 3D surface structure is specifically proposed for use as a piercing stencil in piercing plastic films etc. similar to the method and device known, for example, from patent US6024553. The 3D surface structure is formed on only one side of the screen by the difference in thickness between the bridges and the crossing points. No teaching is provided in WO 2004043659 on the use of the claimed screen material for screen printing.
    It was recently discovered that for printing solid areas and embossed images, the new 3D screens provide more ink deposition and sharper deposition.
    In addition, it was recently discovered that for high resolution screen printing the new 3D screens, with a 150-1000 mesh series, preferably 190-800 mesh, having a smooth squeegee side, and a peak grid and valleys on the print side of the screen material are ideal. These screens allow the printing of much finer lines when compared to a screen material without such a 3D surface structure.
    The print quality obtained is surprisingly better than that obtained with a screen with a much larger open area and smaller bridges. It is assumed that the structure of the 3D surface, with peaks and valleys on the print side, improves ink transfer through the screen and allows for the deposition of a greater amount of ink on the substrate due to "spikes", while the valleys allow for accentuated deposition of ink. This is an advantage both when depositing ink to produce solids with an even print on the substrate and/or embossed images, but also when continuously producing fine lines with sharp edges. Furthermore, these advantages are achieved without major loss of screen strength, stability and durability.
    The method for making the canvas material is not part of this invention. In fact, the known methods of documents US 4383896 or US 4496434 can be used to prepare a flat screen, whereas, by means of forced flow conditions, a similar 3D structure can be created on the print side of the screen material. to the method disclosed in said WO 2004043659. Furthermore, a metal screen material with a 3D surface structure can be made with different techniques and with different materials. Thus, the 3D structure can also be made by laser engraving, engraving or ECM (electrochemical machining). Also within the scope of the invention is the preparation of said screen by embossing on a polymer, or a mesh coating by CVD (chemical vapor deposition), PVD (physical vapor deposition), plasma spraying or other coating techniques. The 3D surface structure can also be produced with a separate lacquer layer on a canvas.
    The new 3D screen can be used in flat or drum screen printing, and rotary screen printing.
    For printing solid areas and embossed images, a screen with a large amount of wet ink deposition (greater than 6 microns, preferably greater than 10 microns) is preferred. Here the amount of wet ink deposition is expressed in terms of theoretical wet ink deposition as defined earlier in the present specification. Suitable screens have a mesh of 35 to 500, preferably 75-450. Thickness can range from 35-200 micrometers, preferably 60-150 micrometers. The orifice diameter can range between 10-650 micrometers, preferably 15-400 micrometers.
    To produce high resolution prints with a resolution of less than 100 micrometers, a screen with a mesh number between 150-1000, preferably 190 to 800 mesh, is preferred. The thickness can range from 20 to 200 micrometers, preferably from 35 to 160 micrometers. The diameter of the orifice can range from 5 to 130 micrometers, preferably between 15 and 105 micrometers.
    Preferably, the screen should be a rotating screen.
    Furthermore, the invention claims a printing screen comprising the 3D structure, with a stencil attached with or without the negative of an image to be printed. This combination of 3D screen and stencil is new and has the inherent advantages of advanced printing as defined above.
    Furthermore, the invention claims a printer comprising one or more 3D printing screens according to the present invention together with one or more ink reservoirs and/or together with a roller or squeegee.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [0001]
    1. Method for high resolution image screen printing on a substrate (D), using a screen (A; S) with a pattern (H) of openings separated by bridges and waypoints, and having a flat surface on the squeegee side , where, on the print side of the screen, the screen (A; S) has a 3D structure comprising peaks (P) and valleys (V) formed by a difference in thickness between the bridges and crossing points and a stencil facing the substrate (D), whose stencil is a negative of the image to be printed, the method characterized by the fact that it comprises depositing ink on the substrate (D), thus forming an image with a resolution below 100 micrometers.
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses a metal screen made by electroforming.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the crossing points form the peaks (P), with a greater thickness than the bridges that form the valleys (V).
    [0004]
    4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the difference in thickness between the bridges and the crossing points is 5 to 100 micrometers.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a flat, drum or rotary screen (A) is used, preferably a seamless rotary screen.
    [0006]
    6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the screen (A; S) is a metal screen material of mesh number 150-1000, preferably a 190-800 mesh, more preferably a screen of 300-650 mesh rotating metal.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the screen (A; S) has a thickness between 20 and 200 micrometers, preferably 35 to 160 micrometers and/or an opening diameter from 5 to 130 micrometers, preferably from 15 to 105 micrometers.
    [0008]
    8. Method for screen printing relief images and/or solid areas on a substrate (D), using a screen (A; S) with a pattern (H) of openings separated by bridges and through points, and having a flat surface on the squeegee side, where, on the print side of the screen, the screen (A; S) has a 3D structure comprising peaks (P) and valleys (V) formed by a difference in thickness between bridges and crossing points and a substrate-facing stencil (D), whose stencil is a negative of the image to be printed, the method characterized by the fact that it comprises depositing ink on the substrate (D) with a wet ink deposition amount, expressed as theoretical wet ink deposit , which is greater than 6 micrometers.
    [0009]
    9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the amount of wet paint deposition, expressed as theoretical wet paint deposit, which is greater than 10 micrometers.
    [0010]
    10. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the screen (A; S) has a mesh from 35 to 500, preferably from 75 to 450, and/or thickness from 35 to 200 micrometers, of preferably from 60 to 150 micrometers, and/or the smallest distance between the two opposite walls of the opening (opening diameter) from 10 to 650 micrometers, preferably from 15 to 400 micrometers.
    [0011]
    11. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that it uses a metal screen made by electroforming.
    [0012]
    12. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the crossing points form the peaks (P), with a greater thickness than the bridges that form the valleys (V).
    [0013]
    13. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the difference in thickness between the bridges and the crossing points is 5 to 100 micrometers.
    [0014]
    14. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it produces RFID tags, solar panels and electronic printing plates.
    [0015]
    15. Screen (A; S) for 3D printing, characterized by the fact that it has a pattern (H) of openings separated by bridges and crossing points, and has a flat surface on the squeegee side, where the screen comprises peaks (P ) and valleys (V) formed by a difference in thickness between bridges and crossing points on the print side of the screen, with a stencil attached, with or without the negative of an image to be printed.
    [0016]
    16. 3D printing screen, according to claim 15, characterized in that it is made by electroforming.
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-09-03| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-02-11| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-06-30| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-01| B25F| Entry of change of name and/or headquarter and transfer of application, patent and certif. of addition of invention: change of name on requirement|Owner name: STORK PRINTS B.V (NL) |
    2021-04-06| B25D| Requested change of name of applicant approved|Owner name: SPGPRINTS B.V. (NL) |
    2021-05-04| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 10 (DEZ) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 04/05/2021, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NL2003627A|NL2003627C2|2009-10-12|2009-10-12|Screen printing.|
    NL2003627|2009-10-12|
    PCT/NL2010/050671|WO2011046432A1|2009-10-12|2010-10-11|Screen printing|
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